Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt is an ancient civilization in the north -east of Africa . Lost civilization of the ancient Egyptians centered 1 on the banks of the Nile River in what is now the Arab Republic of Egypt . Egyptian civilization began around the year 3150 BC. , When united King Mina Upper and Lower Egypt , and then evolved over the past three millennia later . Historically included a series of kingdoms politically unstable , punctuated by periods of relative stabilit y are called intermediate periods . Ancient Egypt reached the peak of its civilization in the era of the modern state , and then entered the country in a period of slow decline . Attacked Egypt in that period by many foreign powers , and the rule of the pharaohs officially ended when the Empire invaded Romania and Egypt made it one of its provinces . Derived success of ancient Egyptian civilization in the ability to adapt to the conditions and the Nile River Valley . And helped flood forecasting and contro...