Today the end of a beautiful story of the king
Alexander the Great
Indian campaign
Invasion of the Indian sub-continent
After the death of Spentamnc, married Alexander Princess Pachtria called Rkhosana to strengthen relations with the rulers of its regions new, and then on the sights to the Indian subcontinent to open it, he sent to tribal leaders in the region «Kndharh» (Kandahar), located in northern Pakistan currently, ordering them to appear in front of him and recognize Sultan on their country. The owner responded Province, called «Oumvis», which was his kingdom stretching from the Indus River to River Jhelm, to the command of Alexander, but the elders of some hill tribes, belonging to the clan Alkmbugh specifically, flatly refused to do so. What was Alexander, but to carry on those tribes in the winter of 327/326 BC., And went to fight all of them in their own backyard: Canar valley, and Wadi Benjkra, and the Swat Valley and Buner. Marked by battles Alexander with these tribes Baldharaoh severe, when received tribe «Alospasioa», not defeated him only after he was an arrow in the shoulder, and when he turned to face the tribe «Alosakinwa», he found that they were holed up in a few locations, in Msaka and Aura and Ornos, forced to hit the blockade them, and after a few days of heavy fighting, wounded during which Alexander seriously wounded in the ankle, Macedonians managed to break into Fort Msaka and destructive destroyed. Roman historian says «Quintus Curtius Rufus ':' Not only did Alexander slaughter Msaka full population, but the oldest on the demolition of all buildings and make them scattered dust. Exposure warriors positioned Bora to massacre similar to those that occurred for their brothers in Msaka, and when I got the news to the remaining Alosakinwa, escaped many of them to Fort Ornos, but that did not benefit them something, as followed by Alexander and his army, was determined to open this fort due to its strategic location and its importance in the protection of roads, and four days after the bloody, the site fell into his hand.
After the victory in Ornos, walked Alexander with his army and crossed the Indus River to face Raja «Poire», the master of the Kingdom Buravh, currently located in the province of Punjab, in an epic battle - named after the Battle of Hadaasebs - Odharjt which the earth with blood, and in the year 326 BC. AD. That was the battle toughest battles of Alexander at all, he lost a lot of soldiers, and resisted Raja Indian including his strength, and he defended his country's defense heroes to the advancement of light Macedonian, but the experience of Alexander the military had the final say in determining the victor, and the commanders and soldiers veterans what they had easily defeated, confirmed before of the Indian army and defeated the rout. Impressed Alexander the courage and ventured Raja Boer, and his prowess in the defense of their land, took him an ally, and kept him ruler over the land that formed his kingdom, and he has the other sections were not belonging to him, and this within ruled that region far more removed from Greece, if he had lived it foreign ruler, what he could to give it back to the possession easily as if the revolution has it. Alexander founded two opposite cities on both sides of the River Jhelm, named one «Bosevla» named after the tunnel around this time, and the other 'Nicea' any 'victory', SIGN currently near the town of 'mong' in Pakistan.
Soldiers revolt
The Empire Nanda Almkadhih located east of the Kingdom of Raja Boer, near the River Ganges, also signed an empire Alknkeriday Bengali east of the latter, and as these countries pose a challenge and a new goal tempting for Alexander, because of fear of soldiers confront the armies tractor for those empires, especially after the weary years and travel long war, declared disobedience near the Beas River in northern India, and refused to progress to the east. Thus, this river has become a maximum along the east reached the conquests of Alexander the Great. Says Blotaaroakh in his writings:
«As for the Macedonians, it has weakened the confrontation with Poire, curtailing their courage, and softened their resolve and desire to progress eastward into India. After that have made self-Nafis in response enemy to mobilize them twenty thousand infantry and alpha Knight, opposed Alexander and stood face stubbornly when he decided to pass the River Ganges, who claimed that the display of up to thirty-two Verlng, and depth to one hundred taller, and after that aware of what awaits them on the West interview hordes of armed men, with their horses and elephants, they were told that the kings of India have gathered eighty thousand horsemen, and two hundred thousand infantry, and eight thousand cart, and six thousand Phil, as a prelude to massacre them all.
His last years in Persia
Alexander discovered after arriving in Sousse that many of the provincial governors appointed by the offended to act in his absence, the oldest on the execution of most of them to be an example to others. It also has to pay the salaries owed to his soldiers, as a gesture of thanks and gratitude to them for their sacrifices, and announced that he would send the veterans and those who were physically impaired to Macedonia, led Krateras. Not that the soldiers had misunderstood the intent of their leader, declared disobedience in Opus town, and refused to return to their homeland, believing that Alexander intends replaced troops Persian, or Farsi units Macedonian units. After three days during which Alexander was unable to persuade his men to go back on their decision, the oldest on the appointment of several mare officers in his army, and the granting of a Macedonian military titles for a number of units, Persian, Macedonian sat at his feet Arjohnh to modify its decision and asking him to allow. Alexander forgiven for all the soldiers who rebelled against him, and they hosted a luxury food in which thousands participated. In an attempt to Arib rift between Macedonians and Persians, and unite their ranks and their hearts, ordered his officers to marry adult Bomirat Persians, and established them collective wedding ceremony in Sousse, but it appears that few of those marriages lasted more than a year. Left Sousse Alexander after that arranged its affairs and went to Hamadan, and he arrived he found that the guards who cost them the protection of the tomb of Cyrus the Great, Shah they Ptdnash the, quickly Voadmanm.
After the arrival of Alexander to Hamadan, injured Hvston, which is the closest friends and potentially it was also lover, wounded terminally ill short illness until he died, and one of them said to tuck him poison. Was death Hvston the devastating impact on Alexander, the melancholy him deeply saddened, and ordered to prepare large bodies of holocaust in Babylon, even burn his body, issued a decree mourning the year. After arriving to Babylon, Alexander began planning a series of new campaigns at the outset to open the Arabian Peninsula, but did not write him to proceed with any of them, as he died after a very short period.
His death and succession
Alexander died in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, in the tenth or eleventh of June year 323 BC., With the age thirty-two years. Historians have differed little difference in determining the cause of death, it was Blotaaroakh said that before the death of Alexander about 14 days, he had received Nyarjos and spent the night starring Atsameran and drinking wine accompanied Madeus the Allarisi, until dawn. Then a strong fever, continued to worsen even become unable to speak, and he feared his soldiers suffered anxiety, Giving ear to line up a queue in front of him to surrender him, has responded them peace by reference. Says Dieudoras that Alexander suffered severe pain after being wined bowl vintage net in honor of Hercules, then died after being tortured pain a strong punishment. Other historians said this incident as a possible alternative explanation of the death of Alexander the, while Blotaaroakh has completely denied.
Of other possible causes of the death of Alexander the Great, is assassinated by aristocrats Macedonians, has mentioned this theory both Dieudoras and Blotaaroakh and Ariane and Justin, and they said that Alexander was poisoned by some of those close to him, but Blotaaroakh rejected and reported as a novel fabricated not unfounded, while Ariane said Dieudoras and they had her memory to be of interest only. The evidence available, that the poisoning if it is the reason behind the death of Alexander, the main suspect is Ontbaatr, who entrusted him Alexander on Macedonia during his absence, and then returned, isolated and summoned him to Babylon, and perhaps Ontbaatr He summoned a death sentence, and he was afraid to deliver the same fate Barmenyun and Velotts Vhred to his son «Ajulaas», who was working the legs of Alexander, tucked him poison in the wine or water. Some researchers have also suggested the involvement of Aristotle himself in this case. Some researchers have responded to those who say that this poisoning theory that a period of twelve days passed between the injury and death of Alexander disease, a period that is too long to take any cm of the species that were known then its full impact, slow Valsmom effect was probably not yet known. According to one of the modern theories that popped into existence in 2010, that Alexander the disease symptoms mentioned in ancient documents fit with the symptoms of poisoning with black water of the River Styx containing compound «Alcalakamisin» high-risk, caused by one of the kinds of deadly bacteria.
Some have suggested that the cause of death is due to a natural chronic diseases that are likely Alexander injury during his travels, and diseases which have nominated to be behind the death of Alexander the early: malaria and typhoid fever.Recent research also likely last to be meningitis is the killer. Other diseases that fit their symptoms with those that appeared on Alexander: acute pancreatitis and West Nile virus. Tend theories of death due to natural causes to emphasize that the health of Alexander was in gradual decline is likely, since he left Macedonia and launched into his campaigns to the ends of the known world, exposure to diseases of different climates contradictory, and inhaled his share of them in the battlefields of the corpses scattered, hit each other Using the amount of wounds, and finally was drinking heavily a great impact in weakening his body over the years. Well, perhaps the anguish and grief felt by Alexander after Hvston death has played a major role in the decline in his health. It is also the main reasons Alexander abuse overdoses of drugs made from plant Kherbaiq, a fatal condition consumed him large quantities.
After his death
Alexander put the body in a golden coffin-making on the human body, and put this in turn sarcophagus of gold. According to some texts that clairvoyant named «Eristandr» predicted that the country would be buried where Alexander «will know happiness throughout her days will strengthen a invade and conquer. Is likely to be every successor of Alexander's successors had considered the acquisition of the late king's body pursuant to legitimize their own succession, especially since the burial of the current king of the former king was regarded as conclusive proof of his right to the throne. During the course of Alexander's funeral procession from Babylon to Macedonia, subjected them to Ptolemy and spare them the way, on the path to Memphis, the capital of Egypt, where the body was buried, and then his successor, Ptolemy II to transfer the coffin to Alexandria, where he remained until before the beginning of the Middle Ages a little. Older Ptolemy IX, a late successors of Ptolemy I, the oldest on the transfer of Alexander the mummy of the golden coffin to another coffin made of glass, so that it can dissolve the first punching currency of the liquid. Each of the leaders of the Roman Pompey and Julius Caesar and August Caesar visit the tomb of Alexander, and said that the latter pulled the nose by mistake, as stated that Julius Caesar wept when it reached its third session, saying that in spite of all his accomplishments did not reach what reached Alexander of glory in this age. Also said that the Roman Emperor Kalecola pulled Elsafhah chest of the mummy and keep it for himself. Older Emperor Septimus Severus to close the tomb of Alexander to the public in the year 200 AD, and his son Caracalla, which is a big fan of Alexander, to visit his grave during his reign. The present Covenant later, I took the directories and texts that talk about less and less shrine that ended extremely rare, until he became his destiny within the historical things that shrouded in fog offline.
In 1887, the world discovered and researcher Ottoman Empire, Osman Hamdi Bey, a coffin near the city of Sidon, Lebanon showing inscriptions of Alexander is fighting the Persians in each other and hunt animals in others, fired on the coffin «ark Alexander», has made this label a lot of people make mistakes and think that it contains the remains of the Macedonian leader. Was basically believe that this coffin Hoy remains «Abdlnimos» king of Sidon, who was appointed by Alexander after the battle of Asus, but some recent evidence to suggest that this coffin is due for a period of time prior to the year 311 BC., A year which saw the death Abdlnimos.
The division of the empire
Alexander's death was so sudden that when messages arrived to Greece news carrier, did not believe her a lot of people and allegedly unfounded rumor of health. Alexander was not at his death has left after sitting heir to the throne of the empire, but that his son Rkhosana, Alexander IV, born months after his death. Says Dieudoras that Alexander the owners asked him on his deathbed to any men left for this vast empire, briefly answered them, 'the strongest'. Each of the Ariane and Blotaaroakh that this fabricated story, as Alexander had lost all ability to speak at this stage. Other historians feet story more deserved to ratify though ostensibly, they said that Alexander gave finale to Berdhikas, which is one of his bodyguards and the commander of his imagination, in the presence of a witness, and thus may be nominated to succeed him.
Berdhikas proposed that the son of Alexander governance upon reaching the age of majority, and that it was a male, of course, and play is Kraters, and Ionatos, and Ontbaatr, the role of guardians until then. However, the foot soldiers, led by one of the officers, called «Milicros», rejected this arrangement on the grounds that they were not consulted in the matter of the foundation, and nominated Philip Arhidallos, the Brother Agheirhqik for Alexander, sits on the throne of the empire. Eventually the two sides reached a satisfactory settlement for each of them after the birth of Alexander IV, and started to Philip King of shared governance, if only nominally.
Soon bear the dispute between Macedonians shortly after that, and cleavage and competition between senior officers, who leak greed to their hearts and wish them all the judgment. And he arose Berdhikas dividing the territory of the empire and distributed them bloodshed, bringing each of these regions as a base used by every leader to expand and sets off towards the territory of his opponent. After the assassination of Berdhikas year 321 BC. M., collapsed unity Macedonian fully Fatharb brothers yesterday with each other for 40 years, did not end the war only after the division of the Hellenic world, founded by Alexander the Great into four sections: Kingdom of Ptolemaic Egypt and its environs, and the Seleucid Empire in the east, and the Kingdom Brkamun in Asia Minor, and the kingdom of Macedonia. As was the assassination of Alexander IV and Philip Arhidallos.
His will
Says Dieudoras that Alexander had given Krateras detailed written instructions recommended some things, before his death. The Krateras launched Alexander the commandment to each activity, but the latter's successors stopped him when alone and chose not to carry out more than OK until then, considering that what is left of demands fun and wildly impractical and involves a lot of extravagance. But in spite of that, the Krateras read the commandment of Alexander the soldiers, only to discover that he invite them to the expansion of the territory south and west of the Mediterranean basin, and a great building memorials, mixing with the peoples of the East, which he said detailed:
Build a memorial shrine to his father and former king Philip II, «match the grandeur of the pyramids of Egypt.
The construction of large structures in each of the: Island Dlwas, and towns Delphi, Dodona, and Dion, Amphipolis, and structure of the building is dedicated to the goddess Athena in Troy.
Open the Arabian Peninsula and the entire Mediterranean basin.
Navigation around Africa and planning coasts.
The construction of new cities, and 'transfer of populations from Asia to Europe and vice versa, in order to unite the two continents, and combine the hearts of the people through the mating of each other and establish family ties.
Alexander's legacy
Alexander's legacy extends to include many things other than military conquests, his campaigns have led to increased communication and trade routes between the Western world and the Eastern world, and introduced Greek culture and civilization to a lot of aspects of Eastern life. Impossible for many cities founded by Alexander the major cultural centers, some of which are still standing up to the present time. The Greek historians who accompanied Alexander in his record Fama information campaigns from areas that Abro, taking Greeks feel for the first time that they are living in a world larger than their Mediterranean which Ahdoh the world.
Hellenistic kingdoms
The most prominent and the most important legacy left by Alexander is without a doubt D Macedonian influence to vast areas within Asia. And the empire of Alexander the area arrived at his death to 5.200.000 km 2, making it the largest country witnessed that era. Lasted most of these areas, subject to the Macedonians, either directly or indirectly, for the past two hundred or three hundred, the following states were the successors of Alexander the Great or the kings of communities Alexander the strongest countries in the world, in its infancy at least, so consistently historians on the label of the Covenant extends through these years Hellenistic.
Territories were on the eastern border of the Macedonian empire began riding one after the other when Alexander was still alive. Caused a political vacuum that made Alexander in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent in the emergence of one of the greatest dynasties Indian history, namely strain Maori founded by Emperor Gandrakupta Maori, with assets modest, having dominated the Punjab and taken a base for launching military campaigns to open land empire Nanda .
Alexander the Great
Indian campaign
Invasion of the Indian sub-continent
After the death of Spentamnc, married Alexander Princess Pachtria called Rkhosana to strengthen relations with the rulers of its regions new, and then on the sights to the Indian subcontinent to open it, he sent to tribal leaders in the region «Kndharh» (Kandahar), located in northern Pakistan currently, ordering them to appear in front of him and recognize Sultan on their country. The owner responded Province, called «Oumvis», which was his kingdom stretching from the Indus River to River Jhelm, to the command of Alexander, but the elders of some hill tribes, belonging to the clan Alkmbugh specifically, flatly refused to do so. What was Alexander, but to carry on those tribes in the winter of 327/326 BC., And went to fight all of them in their own backyard: Canar valley, and Wadi Benjkra, and the Swat Valley and Buner. Marked by battles Alexander with these tribes Baldharaoh severe, when received tribe «Alospasioa», not defeated him only after he was an arrow in the shoulder, and when he turned to face the tribe «Alosakinwa», he found that they were holed up in a few locations, in Msaka and Aura and Ornos, forced to hit the blockade them, and after a few days of heavy fighting, wounded during which Alexander seriously wounded in the ankle, Macedonians managed to break into Fort Msaka and destructive destroyed. Roman historian says «Quintus Curtius Rufus ':' Not only did Alexander slaughter Msaka full population, but the oldest on the demolition of all buildings and make them scattered dust. Exposure warriors positioned Bora to massacre similar to those that occurred for their brothers in Msaka, and when I got the news to the remaining Alosakinwa, escaped many of them to Fort Ornos, but that did not benefit them something, as followed by Alexander and his army, was determined to open this fort due to its strategic location and its importance in the protection of roads, and four days after the bloody, the site fell into his hand.
After the victory in Ornos, walked Alexander with his army and crossed the Indus River to face Raja «Poire», the master of the Kingdom Buravh, currently located in the province of Punjab, in an epic battle - named after the Battle of Hadaasebs - Odharjt which the earth with blood, and in the year 326 BC. AD. That was the battle toughest battles of Alexander at all, he lost a lot of soldiers, and resisted Raja Indian including his strength, and he defended his country's defense heroes to the advancement of light Macedonian, but the experience of Alexander the military had the final say in determining the victor, and the commanders and soldiers veterans what they had easily defeated, confirmed before of the Indian army and defeated the rout. Impressed Alexander the courage and ventured Raja Boer, and his prowess in the defense of their land, took him an ally, and kept him ruler over the land that formed his kingdom, and he has the other sections were not belonging to him, and this within ruled that region far more removed from Greece, if he had lived it foreign ruler, what he could to give it back to the possession easily as if the revolution has it. Alexander founded two opposite cities on both sides of the River Jhelm, named one «Bosevla» named after the tunnel around this time, and the other 'Nicea' any 'victory', SIGN currently near the town of 'mong' in Pakistan.
Soldiers revolt
The Empire Nanda Almkadhih located east of the Kingdom of Raja Boer, near the River Ganges, also signed an empire Alknkeriday Bengali east of the latter, and as these countries pose a challenge and a new goal tempting for Alexander, because of fear of soldiers confront the armies tractor for those empires, especially after the weary years and travel long war, declared disobedience near the Beas River in northern India, and refused to progress to the east. Thus, this river has become a maximum along the east reached the conquests of Alexander the Great. Says Blotaaroakh in his writings:
«As for the Macedonians, it has weakened the confrontation with Poire, curtailing their courage, and softened their resolve and desire to progress eastward into India. After that have made self-Nafis in response enemy to mobilize them twenty thousand infantry and alpha Knight, opposed Alexander and stood face stubbornly when he decided to pass the River Ganges, who claimed that the display of up to thirty-two Verlng, and depth to one hundred taller, and after that aware of what awaits them on the West interview hordes of armed men, with their horses and elephants, they were told that the kings of India have gathered eighty thousand horsemen, and two hundred thousand infantry, and eight thousand cart, and six thousand Phil, as a prelude to massacre them all.
His last years in Persia
Alexander discovered after arriving in Sousse that many of the provincial governors appointed by the offended to act in his absence, the oldest on the execution of most of them to be an example to others. It also has to pay the salaries owed to his soldiers, as a gesture of thanks and gratitude to them for their sacrifices, and announced that he would send the veterans and those who were physically impaired to Macedonia, led Krateras. Not that the soldiers had misunderstood the intent of their leader, declared disobedience in Opus town, and refused to return to their homeland, believing that Alexander intends replaced troops Persian, or Farsi units Macedonian units. After three days during which Alexander was unable to persuade his men to go back on their decision, the oldest on the appointment of several mare officers in his army, and the granting of a Macedonian military titles for a number of units, Persian, Macedonian sat at his feet Arjohnh to modify its decision and asking him to allow. Alexander forgiven for all the soldiers who rebelled against him, and they hosted a luxury food in which thousands participated. In an attempt to Arib rift between Macedonians and Persians, and unite their ranks and their hearts, ordered his officers to marry adult Bomirat Persians, and established them collective wedding ceremony in Sousse, but it appears that few of those marriages lasted more than a year. Left Sousse Alexander after that arranged its affairs and went to Hamadan, and he arrived he found that the guards who cost them the protection of the tomb of Cyrus the Great, Shah they Ptdnash the, quickly Voadmanm.
After the arrival of Alexander to Hamadan, injured Hvston, which is the closest friends and potentially it was also lover, wounded terminally ill short illness until he died, and one of them said to tuck him poison. Was death Hvston the devastating impact on Alexander, the melancholy him deeply saddened, and ordered to prepare large bodies of holocaust in Babylon, even burn his body, issued a decree mourning the year. After arriving to Babylon, Alexander began planning a series of new campaigns at the outset to open the Arabian Peninsula, but did not write him to proceed with any of them, as he died after a very short period.
His death and succession
Alexander died in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, in the tenth or eleventh of June year 323 BC., With the age thirty-two years. Historians have differed little difference in determining the cause of death, it was Blotaaroakh said that before the death of Alexander about 14 days, he had received Nyarjos and spent the night starring Atsameran and drinking wine accompanied Madeus the Allarisi, until dawn. Then a strong fever, continued to worsen even become unable to speak, and he feared his soldiers suffered anxiety, Giving ear to line up a queue in front of him to surrender him, has responded them peace by reference. Says Dieudoras that Alexander suffered severe pain after being wined bowl vintage net in honor of Hercules, then died after being tortured pain a strong punishment. Other historians said this incident as a possible alternative explanation of the death of Alexander the, while Blotaaroakh has completely denied.
Of other possible causes of the death of Alexander the Great, is assassinated by aristocrats Macedonians, has mentioned this theory both Dieudoras and Blotaaroakh and Ariane and Justin, and they said that Alexander was poisoned by some of those close to him, but Blotaaroakh rejected and reported as a novel fabricated not unfounded, while Ariane said Dieudoras and they had her memory to be of interest only. The evidence available, that the poisoning if it is the reason behind the death of Alexander, the main suspect is Ontbaatr, who entrusted him Alexander on Macedonia during his absence, and then returned, isolated and summoned him to Babylon, and perhaps Ontbaatr He summoned a death sentence, and he was afraid to deliver the same fate Barmenyun and Velotts Vhred to his son «Ajulaas», who was working the legs of Alexander, tucked him poison in the wine or water. Some researchers have also suggested the involvement of Aristotle himself in this case. Some researchers have responded to those who say that this poisoning theory that a period of twelve days passed between the injury and death of Alexander disease, a period that is too long to take any cm of the species that were known then its full impact, slow Valsmom effect was probably not yet known. According to one of the modern theories that popped into existence in 2010, that Alexander the disease symptoms mentioned in ancient documents fit with the symptoms of poisoning with black water of the River Styx containing compound «Alcalakamisin» high-risk, caused by one of the kinds of deadly bacteria.
Some have suggested that the cause of death is due to a natural chronic diseases that are likely Alexander injury during his travels, and diseases which have nominated to be behind the death of Alexander the early: malaria and typhoid fever.Recent research also likely last to be meningitis is the killer. Other diseases that fit their symptoms with those that appeared on Alexander: acute pancreatitis and West Nile virus. Tend theories of death due to natural causes to emphasize that the health of Alexander was in gradual decline is likely, since he left Macedonia and launched into his campaigns to the ends of the known world, exposure to diseases of different climates contradictory, and inhaled his share of them in the battlefields of the corpses scattered, hit each other Using the amount of wounds, and finally was drinking heavily a great impact in weakening his body over the years. Well, perhaps the anguish and grief felt by Alexander after Hvston death has played a major role in the decline in his health. It is also the main reasons Alexander abuse overdoses of drugs made from plant Kherbaiq, a fatal condition consumed him large quantities.
After his death
Alexander put the body in a golden coffin-making on the human body, and put this in turn sarcophagus of gold. According to some texts that clairvoyant named «Eristandr» predicted that the country would be buried where Alexander «will know happiness throughout her days will strengthen a invade and conquer. Is likely to be every successor of Alexander's successors had considered the acquisition of the late king's body pursuant to legitimize their own succession, especially since the burial of the current king of the former king was regarded as conclusive proof of his right to the throne. During the course of Alexander's funeral procession from Babylon to Macedonia, subjected them to Ptolemy and spare them the way, on the path to Memphis, the capital of Egypt, where the body was buried, and then his successor, Ptolemy II to transfer the coffin to Alexandria, where he remained until before the beginning of the Middle Ages a little. Older Ptolemy IX, a late successors of Ptolemy I, the oldest on the transfer of Alexander the mummy of the golden coffin to another coffin made of glass, so that it can dissolve the first punching currency of the liquid. Each of the leaders of the Roman Pompey and Julius Caesar and August Caesar visit the tomb of Alexander, and said that the latter pulled the nose by mistake, as stated that Julius Caesar wept when it reached its third session, saying that in spite of all his accomplishments did not reach what reached Alexander of glory in this age. Also said that the Roman Emperor Kalecola pulled Elsafhah chest of the mummy and keep it for himself. Older Emperor Septimus Severus to close the tomb of Alexander to the public in the year 200 AD, and his son Caracalla, which is a big fan of Alexander, to visit his grave during his reign. The present Covenant later, I took the directories and texts that talk about less and less shrine that ended extremely rare, until he became his destiny within the historical things that shrouded in fog offline.
In 1887, the world discovered and researcher Ottoman Empire, Osman Hamdi Bey, a coffin near the city of Sidon, Lebanon showing inscriptions of Alexander is fighting the Persians in each other and hunt animals in others, fired on the coffin «ark Alexander», has made this label a lot of people make mistakes and think that it contains the remains of the Macedonian leader. Was basically believe that this coffin Hoy remains «Abdlnimos» king of Sidon, who was appointed by Alexander after the battle of Asus, but some recent evidence to suggest that this coffin is due for a period of time prior to the year 311 BC., A year which saw the death Abdlnimos.
The division of the empire
Alexander's death was so sudden that when messages arrived to Greece news carrier, did not believe her a lot of people and allegedly unfounded rumor of health. Alexander was not at his death has left after sitting heir to the throne of the empire, but that his son Rkhosana, Alexander IV, born months after his death. Says Dieudoras that Alexander the owners asked him on his deathbed to any men left for this vast empire, briefly answered them, 'the strongest'. Each of the Ariane and Blotaaroakh that this fabricated story, as Alexander had lost all ability to speak at this stage. Other historians feet story more deserved to ratify though ostensibly, they said that Alexander gave finale to Berdhikas, which is one of his bodyguards and the commander of his imagination, in the presence of a witness, and thus may be nominated to succeed him.
Berdhikas proposed that the son of Alexander governance upon reaching the age of majority, and that it was a male, of course, and play is Kraters, and Ionatos, and Ontbaatr, the role of guardians until then. However, the foot soldiers, led by one of the officers, called «Milicros», rejected this arrangement on the grounds that they were not consulted in the matter of the foundation, and nominated Philip Arhidallos, the Brother Agheirhqik for Alexander, sits on the throne of the empire. Eventually the two sides reached a satisfactory settlement for each of them after the birth of Alexander IV, and started to Philip King of shared governance, if only nominally.
Soon bear the dispute between Macedonians shortly after that, and cleavage and competition between senior officers, who leak greed to their hearts and wish them all the judgment. And he arose Berdhikas dividing the territory of the empire and distributed them bloodshed, bringing each of these regions as a base used by every leader to expand and sets off towards the territory of his opponent. After the assassination of Berdhikas year 321 BC. M., collapsed unity Macedonian fully Fatharb brothers yesterday with each other for 40 years, did not end the war only after the division of the Hellenic world, founded by Alexander the Great into four sections: Kingdom of Ptolemaic Egypt and its environs, and the Seleucid Empire in the east, and the Kingdom Brkamun in Asia Minor, and the kingdom of Macedonia. As was the assassination of Alexander IV and Philip Arhidallos.
His will
Says Dieudoras that Alexander had given Krateras detailed written instructions recommended some things, before his death. The Krateras launched Alexander the commandment to each activity, but the latter's successors stopped him when alone and chose not to carry out more than OK until then, considering that what is left of demands fun and wildly impractical and involves a lot of extravagance. But in spite of that, the Krateras read the commandment of Alexander the soldiers, only to discover that he invite them to the expansion of the territory south and west of the Mediterranean basin, and a great building memorials, mixing with the peoples of the East, which he said detailed:
Build a memorial shrine to his father and former king Philip II, «match the grandeur of the pyramids of Egypt.
The construction of large structures in each of the: Island Dlwas, and towns Delphi, Dodona, and Dion, Amphipolis, and structure of the building is dedicated to the goddess Athena in Troy.
Open the Arabian Peninsula and the entire Mediterranean basin.
Navigation around Africa and planning coasts.
The construction of new cities, and 'transfer of populations from Asia to Europe and vice versa, in order to unite the two continents, and combine the hearts of the people through the mating of each other and establish family ties.
Alexander's legacy
Alexander's legacy extends to include many things other than military conquests, his campaigns have led to increased communication and trade routes between the Western world and the Eastern world, and introduced Greek culture and civilization to a lot of aspects of Eastern life. Impossible for many cities founded by Alexander the major cultural centers, some of which are still standing up to the present time. The Greek historians who accompanied Alexander in his record Fama information campaigns from areas that Abro, taking Greeks feel for the first time that they are living in a world larger than their Mediterranean which Ahdoh the world.
Hellenistic kingdoms
The most prominent and the most important legacy left by Alexander is without a doubt D Macedonian influence to vast areas within Asia. And the empire of Alexander the area arrived at his death to 5.200.000 km 2, making it the largest country witnessed that era. Lasted most of these areas, subject to the Macedonians, either directly or indirectly, for the past two hundred or three hundred, the following states were the successors of Alexander the Great or the kings of communities Alexander the strongest countries in the world, in its infancy at least, so consistently historians on the label of the Covenant extends through these years Hellenistic.
Territories were on the eastern border of the Macedonian empire began riding one after the other when Alexander was still alive. Caused a political vacuum that made Alexander in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent in the emergence of one of the greatest dynasties Indian history, namely strain Maori founded by Emperor Gandrakupta Maori, with assets modest, having dominated the Punjab and taken a base for launching military campaigns to open land empire Nanda .
Comments
Post a Comment